Marine Education Studies
MES, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2025, pp.43-54.
Print ISSN: 3078-316X; Online ISSN: 3104-5057
Journal homepage: https://www.hyjyyj.com
DOI: Https://doi.org/10.64058/MES.25.2.04
民国时期水产高等教育的初创与发展
宁 波（Ning Bo）
摘要：清末，为抵御列强侵渔，张謇疾呼“渔界所至，海权所在也”，向清廷倡办水产教育。几番筹措，若干水产学校陆续于沿海建立。1924年、1925年，江苏省立水产学校先后开设航海专科、远洋渔业专科，开启中国水产高等教育的先河。创建于1910年的直隶水产讲习所，数次更名后于1929年升格为河北省立水产专科学校，以“教授水产学理及技术，养成水产专门人才”，系中国最早设立的独立建制的水产高校。1930年起，位于浙江的高级水产职业学校变更学制，也开始开展水产专科教育。诸事草创，却因抗战而陷于停顿。抗战胜利后，经侯朝海等谋划，于1947年恢复成立上海市立吴淞水产专科学校，并于同年在山东大学创办水产系，开启了中国的水产本科高等教育。民国时期水产高等教育的探索与实践，为新中国水产高等教育的发展提供了重要精神之魂、思想之力和人才之基。
关键词：渔权；海权；水产高等教育；水产事业
作者介绍：宁波，上海海洋大学档案馆（校史馆、博物馆）馆长、海洋文化研究中心副主任、经济管理学院硕士研究生导师，副研究员，农学硕士，研究方向：海洋高等教育、渔文化与海洋文化研究。电邮:bning@shou.edu.cn。
Title: Establishment and Development of Fisheries Higher Education in the Republic of China Era
Abstract: In the late Qing Dynasty, in order to resist fisheries invasion of foreign powers, Zhang Jian urged “where the fishing rights goes, where is the ocean rights there”, and advocated the establishment of fisheries education to the Qing court. After several attempts to raise funds, a number of fisheries schools have been set up along the Chinese coast. In 1924 and 1925, Jiangsu Provincial Fisheries School successively opened nautical major and offshore fishery major, opening the fisheries higher education in China. Zhi li Fisheries Training Institute, established in 1910, was renamed several times and upgraded to Hebei Provincial Fisheries College in 1929, with the mission of “teaching fisheries science principles and techniques to cultivate specialized talents in fisheries”, it became the earliest independently established fisheries college in China. Since 1930, Advanced Vocational School of Fisheries in Zhejiang province has changed its system and started to carry out fisheries higher education. All was in its infancy, but it was halted by the war of resistance. After the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, under the planning of Hou Chaohai etc., Shanghai Wusong Fisheries College was restored and established in 1947, and the Fisheries Department was established in Shandong University, which opened Chinese undergraduate fisheries higher education in 1947. The exploration and practice of fisheries higher education in the Republic of China era provided an important spiritual soul, ideological strength and talent foundation for the development of fisheries higher education in New China.
Keywords: fishery rights; ocean rights; fisheries higher education; fisheries industry
Author Biography: Ning Bo, director of the Archives (University History Museum, SHOU Museum), deputy director of the Research Center for Ocean Culture, master supervisor of the College of Economics and Management, associate researcher, master of agronomy. Research Interests: marine higher education, fisheries culture and ocean culture research. E-mail: bning@shou.edu.cn.
Received: 04 Oct/ Revised: 14 Nov 2025 / Accepted: 18 Nov 2025 / Published online: 01 Dec 2025 / Print published: 05 December 2025
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